TSUEI MA MA Foundation for Housing and Community Services
 
  
   


   首頁非營利組織女性領袖培育工作坊→演講與議題

2001牟路思怡中華婦女領導訓練計畫
2001 ELIZABETH LUCE MOORE LEADERSHIP FOR CHINESE WOMAN
社會服務組

美國非營利組織參訪報告

台灣受刑人的希望是什麼?鐵窗的監獄生活是怎樣的光景?…
其實人隨時處在被犯罪引誘的邊緣,但引誘再大,仍不動搖心志的原因,
是因為受引誘者被愛的需要已被滿足,且所受的教育、知識,讓他有判斷力來分辨。
但多數仍在監獄裡的朋友,他們被愛的需要被滿足了嗎?

文/ LindaYu 郁玲華(基督教門諾會醫院發展部整合傳播課 課長)

一、介紹在舊金山和紐約的參訪中,印象深刻的NPO機構,並將這些機構對回來在工作或思想上的影
  響敘述。

茲介紹以下各組織,並分別敘述如下:

● Jewish Family and Children's Services, http://www.jfcs.org

  該機構歷史悠久,以特定地區、特地族群為服務重點,在老人和幼童照顧上所提供的服務內容,極為切合服務對象的需要,並服務品質優良,財務穩健。由於機構地點在市區,因此機構在空間的多元利用上,並建築上舒適與美感,讓參觀者感受到忙碌市區中「家」的溫馨。

  個人的反省是:在都會中的老人照顧中心,可以怎樣提供小而美的環境?而猶太人顯明的信仰與家庭觀,在此NPO組織的理念實踐中,是深刻並讓人尊敬的。在管理上,其資深人員從工作態度中所展現出的沈穩和專業,是值得我們學習的。

該機構相關介紹如下:

  For more than 150 years, Jewish Family and Children's Services of San Francisco, the Peninsula, Marin and Sonoma Counties has offered a helping hand that people can rely on in times of need - cradle to rocking chair.

  Founded in 1850 by Gold Rush pioneers, JFCS is the oldest social service agency west of the Mississippi. Since its inception, JFCS has been a catalyst for change. With more than 40 programs serving more than 45,000 people annually in the Greater West Bay Area of Northern California, JFCS reaches out with comprehensive, integrated social services, helping people in the most effective, compassionate way possible, and providing people of all ages, faiths and ethnic backgrounds with the encouragement and tools they needto become productive and self-reliant.

  Integral to this effort are our experienced staff, our generous community of supporters and thousands of acts of lovingkindness - visits to elderly and disabled community members, tutoring youngsters, delivering food and love during the holidays - performed by more than 2,000 dedicated JFCS volunteers who give of themselves to create a more caring community.

  JFCS is a nonsectarian, nonprofit organization that provides services to individuals and families of all ages and backgrounds. We are like an extended family for so many in our community: Seniors, Children and families, Individuals and couples, Refugees and emigres, People with chronic diseases and/or disabilities

  There are many others. Whether you need help caring for an elderly relative, want to brush up your parenting skills or are resettling in America from another country, JFCS is here for you.

●Volunteer Center of San Francisco, http://www.vcsf.org

  該機構整合當地的義工人力資源,並做完善地配對、轉介的義工仲介服務,以多年的專業和網路的便捷,使得有心想要參與社會義務工作的民眾,多能如願。更藉此促進大企業界反思回饋社區的參與,其積極向企業界尋索資源的作法,實值得借鏡。

  個人的反省是:在台灣大都會區,目前還沒有這樣有組織力、動員力的義工資源整合機構,而該機構負責人Mr. John Power,曾擔任政界助選員多年,於轉任NPO組織後,持續發揮原有的專長,並在義工資源的整合上,更顯創意,比如,讓多位身心障礙朋友在其受限的表達功能上,安排合適的義工職務,助其恢復職場能力和與人互動的信心。

該機構相關介紹如下:

  The Volunteer Center of San Francisco is a private, nonprofit organization established in 1946 (as the "Volunteer Bureau") to provide the city with a centralized source of volunteer information. For many years, the Volunteer Center focused almost entirely on this "clearinghouse" function. In the late 1980s, we began developing more specialized programs that concentrate on specific populations and community needs. The Center now has programs geared to ward people with disabilities, youth, corporate volunteers, potential board members, and more.

Mission Statement

  The Volunteer Center of San Francisco assists individuals to both serve their communities and attain personal and professional growth through community involvement. Through partnerships with nonprofit organizations, local government, schools, and businesses, we act as a catalyst for ensuring that every person has the opportunity to be a powerful, contributing community member.
Funding Sources

  The 1990s have been a period of rapid growth for the Center. Since 1991, our staff has expanded from 7 to 25, while our annual budget has increased from $140,000 to about $1.5 million. Like most nonprofit organizations, we rely on a variety of funders to support our work. These include foundations (22% of our 1997 budget); businesses (31%); city, state and federal government (25%); contracts and fees for services (20%); and individual donors (2%).

●Northern California Coalition for Immigrant Rights (NCCIR), http://www.nccir.org

  在一間租來的小小辦公室裡,一群墨西哥來的外籍勞工,為著自己的權益在努力。一位大學剛畢業的年輕女孩子,以義工的角色和這一族群的女性在一起奮鬥,這群女性散發出對理想和不向困難環境低頭的堅毅,實在令人感動。

  個人的反省是:這個團體常在政府、資方,甚至夾縫中的生存權中,發出行動力的吶喊,如遊行;她們是女性,需要在移民後的土地上,為合法工作權、人權等基本的權力來奮鬥,相當不易。而我們在台灣,又是如何與外勞相處的呢?我們是否也因著經濟、工作權、地土、語言的優勢,成了一個聘用外勞,卻讓外勞心中常常吶喊的壓制者?

該機構相關介紹如下:

  Mission is to achieve full human rights and dignity for immigrants and refugees, regardless of immigration status. Focusing on building cross-ethnic, immigrant-led collaborations with strategic links to other groups working for social change. Strives to strengthen immigrants' knowledge, capacity and leadership; create positive changes in immigration policy in order to benefit the immigrant community and our society as a whole; and educate the general public about immigrant issues.

●Delancey Street Foundation ,http://www.delanceystfndtn.citysearch.com/1.html

  這是一個讓社會排斥的重刑犯,再次改頭換面的團體。負責人Mimi的專業和與重刑犯一起面對生命黑暗的勇敢和決心,令人十分感動。在這團體中每個人願意重新學習所表現出的高度配合度和信心,展現在餐飲、洗衣、環境清潔、書店經營等等參訪領域中,該團體努力的成果,令人讚嘆!

  個人的反省是:在Delancey Street的參訪後,使我有機會開始思考,台灣受刑人的希望是什麼?鐵窗的監獄生活是怎樣的光景?我因此在去美返台後不到半年,即與台灣負責監獄福音工作的更生團契花蓮分會聯絡,首次進入監獄。之後,也參與了監獄關懷工作的需要。其實人隨時處在被犯罪引誘的邊緣,但引誘再大,仍不動搖心志的原因,是因為受引誘者被愛的需要已被滿足,且所受的教育、知識,讓他有判斷力來分辨。但多數仍在監獄裡的朋友,他們被愛的需要被滿足了嗎?

該機構相關介紹如下:

  Delancey Street is considered the nation's leading self-help residential education center for former substance abusers and ex-convicts. We currently have about 1000 residents located in five facilities throughout the country: New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Los Angeles and headquartered in San Francisco.
"People who would be considered patients in other programs are the bosses here."
Dr. Mimi Silbert
President and Co-founder

  Delancey Street was founded in 1971 by Silbert and her partner, the late John Maher. Run by ex-cons for ex-cons, it's a model program that taps business work ethics and traditional values to make winners out of society's "losers."

●Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund, http://www.nlg.org/jobs/aaldef.htm

  這是由一群法律界的高知識份子所組成的團體。他們主要的訴訟服務,是為爭取亞裔人權來努力,甚至為了在政界徵得亞裔席位,還於選舉前努力奔走於亞裔族群間拉票,更因此在亞裔接續的權益爭取上,出現曙光。舉例來說,Sweat Shop集團將人民以非法方式潛送來美國,這樣剝削的制度讓受虐勞工苦不堪言,並牽連至居住、健康等種種問題,AALDEF就曾在極大威脅下,仍多次為著這樣的訴訟來努力。

  個人的反省是:有幸認識這樣有社會責任感的律師,特別是對Program Director Mr. Mark印象深刻,他與太太取得共識,在太太全力作家庭經濟支持的後盾下,Mark可以全心參與NPO事業。NPO工作者的努力與成功,家庭支持實是重要的關鍵。

該機構相關介紹如下:

Spring 2002
LEGAL INTERNSHIPS IN Racial Justice for SOUTH Asian Americans Post 9-11

  The Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund (AALDEF), founded in 1974, protects and promotes the civil rights of Asian Americans through litigation, legal advocacy, and community education.

  In the aftermath of the World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks, South Asian Americans have been intimidated, harassed, detained, wrongfully interrogated and racially profiled. AALDEF is challenging the curtailing of the communities' civil rights by providing legal representation to victims of racial/religious violence, police violence, racial profiling, immigration detainment and other forms of discrimination. Legal interns will assist with legal intake, community outreach to South Asian working class, low-income, immigrant communities and help with organizing around 9-11 issues in the Asian Pacific American community. Intern must have legal research/writing abilities and take interest in 9-11 issues.

●Foundation Center, http://fdncenter.org

  對於全國NPO組織作完整的分析,以方便研究、撥款申請,資訊的橫向整合。每年有最新的NPO年度報導,每天也介紹不同的NPO組織給 grantseeker,以便瞭解資助機構的捐贈趨勢,並有經常性的研討會來做教育、出版的工作,以作為捐助者互相交流、學習的參考。

  個人的反省是:由一個NPO仲介來做政府、NPO資助機構,NPO尋找資金機構的交流平台,是一個值得努力的方向。美國政府讓所有NPO機構,以表格化的方式來做資料管理,在一個標準化的工作規則下,非常有利於FC做更多的服務,相信這也促使美國NPO組織能步上正軌運作一個重要的關鍵。

該機構相關介紹如下:

  he Foundation Center's mission is to support and improve institutional philanthropy by promoting public understanding of the field and helping grantseekers succeed.
To achieve our mission, we:
Collect, organize, and communicate information on U.S. philanthropy
Conduct and facilitate research on trends in the field
Provide education and training on the grantseeking process
  Ensure public access to information and services through our World Wide Web site, print and electronic publications, five library/learning centers, and a national network of cooperating collections.Founded in 1956, the Center is the nation's leading authority on institutional philanthropy and is dedicated to serving grantseekers, grantmakers, researchers, policymakers, the media, and the general public.

小結:

  整體而言,在美研習時感受到NPO工作者對理念的執著,相信這也激勵自己於返美半年後,在工作中發動了「桂英的聖誕禮物」專案,並有機會將之呈現於2001年12月上海的reunion。

二、比較自己的實習機構與所代表的組織之異同?在這期間的行程安排中,有哪些方的面學習?

  Saint Joseph Hospital Foundation像是一個已經機構化的門諾醫院發展部,而多數NPO組織並沒有機會成立一個以支持該組織為永續營運的基金會;而這是否是未來NPO組織在發展到一個階段後,要將服務與勸募分開的思考?值得繼續觀察。

  同樣是以基督信仰為醫院設立的信則,值得注意的是,在SJHF與直接服務的核心完全切割的情況下,SJHF工作人員的服務內涵,似乎已經無異於一般商業性的工作。

以上為機構核心價值的一些思考。而在SJHF的基金分類上有84種,其中重要的幾大項包括有:

 •營運基金
 •教育基金
 •慈善照顧基金
 •教學講座基金
 •護士基金
 •義工基金

以及為住院家屬臨時安住的基金

  在SCHF的組織架構中,其董事會成員共有來自不同領域的27人,機構業務執行人員,除董事長與副董事長也親自參與在例行業務外,另有8位工作人員,分別是擔任:

 1.Community Relations
 2. Financing
 3. Grant writing / Development Specialist
 4. Planned Giving / Volunteer Director
 5. Volunteer Coordinator
 6. Event Specialist / Resource Development
 7. Newsletter / Traffic
 8. Secretary / Traffic

  NPO組織在營運及服務經費上的需要,許多勸募活動的形成與推動,不乏與企業結合的各樣創意,但在美國的制度似乎更完滿。

  SJHF的工作人員各有明顯的專業領域,並許多核心工作之外的工作,都外包給其他商業機構索以公益價格來配合;相較於台灣多數NPO的組織架構,在勸募方面,仍處於執行業務較高、獨立思考專業較弱的運作。

  有鑑於此,台灣許多NPO組織在苦做實幹的努力下,企需思考組織內具備專業決策力與判斷力的出路。多數NPO在其內部勸募的配合人員方面,實需有專業裁策的委員群,以提供業務執行與如何做執行評估、協商的機制,作為業務執行的效益考核;故此,SJHF在工作目標,運作方式、人員的訓練上,仍具標竿學習的指標性功能。

  在台灣的NPO組織,多數無相關勸募專業的規劃與帶領;而門諾在這樣的情勢下,仍因著努力與神的保守,有著讓人稱羨的NPO勸募成績,實在感恩。

見習期間,特別將以下兩項學習資訊,提供大家參考:

 ●Plan Giving,此為計畫性捐款或稱為遺產捐贈,在台灣仍不是很普遍。可參考網站:
  http://www.taxwisegiving.com/
  http://www.grantsmart.org/

 ●Grant Writing,就是向捐助型的基金會,撰寫、呈送資金需求計畫書。這是一項專業且需要長期
  訓練的工作,此行在這方面上課之後,非常有興趣將來往這方面的寫作來發展。可參考網站,
  為Foundation Center。

三、社會服務工作在美國、台灣、中國、香港之間,個人感受到的相同處為何?在多年過去後,覺
  得仍珍惜的為何?

  個人感受到的相同之處是,NPO在社會的困境中成長,在不同的社會體制下,NPO工作者對於這一條逆於以賺取金錢為工作滿足的道路,持續有著極大的信心。

  在活動後令人珍惜的是,認識IIE的工作人員Susannah和Cindy。她們非常願意負上學習的代價,花了許多時間來認識兩岸三地華人的不同,她們從工作中培養出細緻、敏銳的觀察力,並在跨文化之間的協調與溝通能力,處處為人所誇讚,且兩人中文的口語表達,都有顯著的進步。她們合作融洽,和學員互動極為密切的敬業與誠懇,令人感佩。並且,也感受到她們在工作中,獲得極大的樂趣。如今於研習後,也延伸了彼此的友誼,並成為未來相關NPO事務在美國以及兩岸三地的諮詢管道。

  此外,和兩岸三地ELM學員之間的交流,不僅建立了資源,之間的友誼也格外珍惜。我們不知道未來這地區華人的NPO組織會有怎樣的連結、整合,但是透過ELM活動認識多位在中國大陸這群第一代的NPO工作者,她們的努力及未來的發展,都成為NPO路上相互砥礪的好伙伴。

  與見習機構SJHF的接待負責人Sister Mary Alloys,相處的十日中,在她耐心的指導與安排下,體會到這位極具親和力和專業判斷力的Sister,正是最受大家歡迎的募款專家。Sister是一位受人敬重的長者,實在感謝有這樣的機緣和Sister在一起的時光,珍惜的不僅是友誼,還有資訊、網絡的建立。

______ 台灣許多NPO組織在苦做實幹的努力下,
企需思考組織內具備專業決策力與判斷力的出路。
多數NPO在其內部勸募的配合人員方面,實需有專業裁策的委員群,
以提供業務執行與如何做執行評估、協商的機制,
作為業務執行的效益考核。∼______

 




 
本網站榮獲1999網際金像獎之最佳社會服務網站
TSUEI MA MA Foundation for Housing and Community Service  Copyright (C)2003 TMM Housing Search Service All rights reserved
--- Designed by David Chang ---